null hypothesis

基本解释

To test your null hypothesis, you want to know the probability of obtaining a value this extreme under the assumption that it is due to random sampling variability.
要检验虚假设，需要知道在假设存在随机抽样可变性的情况下获得这么一个极限值的概率。
Next, I'll demonstrate how to model what would be expected under the null hypothesis so that I can compare the observed results to what would be expected under the null hypothesis.
接下来，我将演示如何对在虚假设下所期望的事物建模，这样我就可以将观察结果与在虚假设条件下所期望的结果加以比较。
Most statisticians would not argue if you decided to reject the null hypothesis that the results can be accounted for in terms of random sampling variability from the null distribution.
如果您决定排除虚假设— 结果可以按照零分布的随机抽样可变性获得，那么大多数统计师都不会有争议。

Translation, if one were to start with a pre-trial null hypothesis probability of 50% (reflecting equipoise, an ethical prerequisite for randomizing patients), the post-trial null hypothesis probability would still be 9%, which is not sufficient to change my practice.
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the residual hypothesis if the alternative hypothesis tested against it fails to achieve a predetermined significance level &rarrcompare hypothesis testing ,alternative hypothesis